Variations in the First Apical Sound Simulating the So-Called “Presystolic Murmur of Mitral Stenosis”

Abstract

ALTHOUGH Fauvel,¹ in 1843, attributed the apical presystolic murmur to stenosis of the mitral valve, Duroziez's² description — "ffout-tata-rou"—in 1862 has been considered as the classic auscultatory sign. Since then, numerous observations and studies have confirmed the original concepts, and modifications have been added.A few additional observations are herewith reported, with particular reference to the so-called "presystolic crescendo murmur." We have observed by means of the phonocardiographic technic that auscultatory presystolic murmurs may at times be an auscultatory illusion owing to certain variations in the first heart sound. Although our series is small, we consider these observations pertinent to . . .