Genetic Disorders of Human Growth
- 1 January 2002
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH in Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Vol. 15 (Supplement), 701-714
- https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem.2002.15.s2.701
Abstract
Growth in humans is a complex process, controlled at numerous levels and by a myriad of factors. These factors may act centrally or peripherally and may be hormones, receptors, or transcription factors. Many of these probably are still unknown. The factors that are discussed here include those that act on the developing pituitary gland (transcription factors including LHX3, HESX1, PROP1, and PIT-1); those that regulate the normal activity of the pituitary (hypothalamic hormones such as GHRH, Ghrelin [growth hormone secretagoguel and somatostatin); those factors coming from the pituitary (essentially growth hormone [GH]); and the downstream modulators, transducers, and effectors of GH (including the GH receptor/GH binding protein, insulin-like growth factor-I and -II, their receptors, and their binding factors). What is becoming increasingly clear is the role of genetics in determining stature. This review discusses the most clinically relevant factors, with an emphasis on ontogeny, genetic inheritance, and clinical presentation.Keywords
This publication has 61 references indexed in Scilit:
- Abnormal GH Receptor Signaling in Children with Idiopathic Short StatureJournal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2001
- Autosomal Dominant Growth Hormone (GH) Deficiency Type II: The Del32-71-GH Deletion Mutant Suppresses Secretion of Wild-Type GHEndocrinology, 2000
- "Hot Spot" in the PROP1 Gene Responsible for Combined Pituitary Hormone DeficiencyJournal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 1999
- Familial Dwarfism due to a Novel Mutation of the Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Receptor GeneJournal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 1999
- Mouse mutant embryos overexpressing IGF-II exhibit phenotypic features of the Beckwith–Wiedemann and Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndromesGenes & Development, 1997
- Growth Hormone Release by the Novel GH Releasing Peptide Hexarelin in Patients with Homozygous β-ThalassemiaJournal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1997
- A recurring dominant negative mutation causes autosomal dominant growth hormone deficiency--a clinical research center studyJournal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 1995
- An infant with deletion of the distal long arm of chromosome 15 (q26.1→qter) and loss of insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor geneAmerican Journal of Medical Genetics, 1991
- Hot Spots for Growth Hormone Gene Deletions in Homologous Regions Outside of Alu RepeatsScience, 1990
- Functional Properties of a Naturally Occurring Trp1200→ Ser1200Mutation of the Insulin ReceptorMolecular Endocrinology, 1990