Gold in Silicon: Effect on Resistivity and Diffusion in Heavily-Doped Layers

Abstract
Resistivity changes caused by gold diffusion into silicon were studied in detail. The results did not agree with previous theoretical calculations. Radiotracer studies also showed that previously diffused n+ (phosphorus) layers greatly retard the diffusion of gold into silicon and increase its solubility. p + (boron) diffused layers do not retard gold diffusion but cause a more ideal type of diffusion. Autoradiographs showed lateral nonuniformity of gold concentration unless oxide formation is prevented during pretreatment, plating, and diffusion.