Hypothalamic Norepinephrine: Circadian Rhythms and the Control of Feeding Behavior

Abstract
The time of day is a decisive determinant of the effects of l-norepinephrine on feeding behavior. During the dark, direct application of l-norepinephrine to the hypothalamus of rats suppressed feeding behavior. During the light, treatment with the same dose of l-norepinephrine facilitated feeding behavior. Thus, l-norepinephrine has dual and opposite effects on feeding behavior. A hypothalamic substrate that fluctuates in a circadian rhythm could account for both actions of l-norepinephrine.