Technique for the direct synthesis and growth of indium phosphide by the liquid phosphorus encapsulated Czochralski method

Abstract
The direct synthesis and growth of InP have been successfully performed by the newly developed liquid P encapsulated Czochralski technique. We have developed a way to use liquid P both as a source element for the synthesis instead of P gas, and also as an ‘‘encapsulant’’ for the Czochralski growth instead of B2O3. The existence of two distinct layers, liquid P and molten InP, has been discovered during the process. Grown single crystals showed a carrier concentration of as low as 5×1015 cm−3.