In situ hybridization for the study of gene expression in neuro‐otologic research

Abstract

In situ hybridization histochemistry technology was developed for future application to neuro-otologic research. This method allowed the detection of cellular mRNA in tissue sections from the temporal bone or brainstem after cRNA/mRNA hybridization. To produce specific cRNA, single-stranded ³⁵S-labeled cRNA (complimentary to target mRNA) is transcribed from commercially available plasmid vectors. These vectors contain promotor sequences for specific synthesis of RNA, and polylinker regions that will accept cloned DNA inserts for virtually any target nucleic acid sequence of interest. The protocol used in this research was optimized for studies that included concomitant immunohistochemical evaluation. The combination of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry provides the only method to correlate molecular information (gene expression) with biochemical or molecular markers, such as peptides or proteins (mRNA translation products) on individual cells in the temporal bone or brainstem. Using these techniques, we examined the distribution of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide in rat temporal bone and brainstem sections using calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antisera and CGRP cRNA probes. We used in situ hybridization histochemistry with a cRNA probe complementary to the 3′-end noncoding sequence of the αCGRP mRNA and immunohistochemistry with a polyclonal antibody to the (TYR)CGRP_23–37 to study the distribution of CGRP mRNA and CGRP-like immunoreactivity in the central and peripheral facial nerve. Numerous motoneuron cell bodies in the facial nucleus and accessory seventh nucleus and cell bodies in the gustatory geniculate ganglion were found to contain CGRP mRNA and the CGRP peptide. The application of in situ hybridization to experimental, surgical biopsy and pathologic material provides a means to qualitatively and quantitatively study the expression of specific genes in the facial nerve, auditory, and vestibular systems.