Milankovitch Radiation Variations: A Quantitative Evaluation

Abstract
A quantitative determination of changes in the surface temperature caused by variations in insolation calculated by Milankovitch has been made through the use of the thermodynamic model of Adem. Under extreme conditions, mean coolings of 3.1° and 2.7°C, respectively, at latitudes 25° and 65°N are obtained for Milankovitch radiation cycles. At the sensitive latitude 65°N, a mean cooling below the present temperature for each of the times of radiation minimum is only 1.4°C. This result indicates that the Milankovitch effect is rather small to have triggered glacial climates.