Coronary Artery Embolism and Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Although coronary artery embolism is a recognized entity, there is little morphologic information indicating it is a cause of myocardial infarction. Patients with coronary artery embolic infarcts, which comprised 13% of the autopsy-studied infarcts were studied. Underlying diseases predisposing to coronary emboli included valvular heart disease (40%), myocardiopathy (29%), coronary atherosclerosis (16%) and chronic atrial fibrillation (2). Mural thrombi were present in 18 (33%). Myocardial infarction, clinically diagnosed in 15 (27%) patients, caused death in 11 (20%). Most emboli involved the left coronary artery and lodged distally, causing infarcts that were usually transmural. Because of their distal location and recanalization, coronary emboli may be a cause of infarcts with angiographically normal coronaries. Coronary emboli are not rare, may produce signs and symptoms indistinguishable from atherosclerotic coronary disease, and by lodging distally in coronary arteries that are usuallly previously normal, they most often cause small but transmural myocardial infarction.