Fabrication of planar optical waveguides by K^+ ion exchange in BK7 glass

Abstract
Planar waveguides have been formed by K+ exchange in BK7 optical glass. Measurements of the mode indices (TE) have been made and are well described by the WKB dispersion relation with a complementary error-function index profile. An index change of Δn = 0.0094 was found, and the diffusion times necessary to achieve a desired number of modes and diffusion depths have been established.