Review of radiation effects in germanium

Abstract
The review concentrates on low temperature irradiation and annealing in germanium. Calculations are presented for the charge states to be expected for donor and acceptor centers during irradiation near 10 °K. The calculations are applied to a discussion of the diffusion of an interstitial atom assuming it is mobile in various charge states during irradiation. The current experimental knowledge is reviewed, as are the various defect models that have been advanced to explain the behavior of germanium in recent years. Suggestions are made of certain experiments that might help in making a rational choice between the possible models.