Visualization of early intramembranous ossification by electron microscopic and spectroscopic imaging.
Open Access
- 1 March 1984
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Rockefeller University Press in The Journal of cell biology
- Vol. 98 (3), 911-921
- https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.98.3.911
Abstract
EM and electron spectroscopic images of putative nucleation sites and early mineral deposits during intramembranous ossification of the murine perichondrial ring are presented. Electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) permits the quantitative determination and direct visualization of spatial distribution of atomic elements within specimens at high spatial resolution. In this study ESI was used to determine the elemental distributions of P, S and Ca. Nucleation and subsequent mineralization in the perichondrial ring occurred sequentially along the longitudinal axis. Proximal regions of the ring contained a matrix with only a few nucleation sites that are characterized in conventional electron micrographs as small loci of low-density material in which dense particles are located. Elemental maps of these sites that were obtained by ESI reveal a S-containing matrix in which localized concentrations of phosphorus occur. With further maturation the loci became centers for the genesis of numerous dense rods or crystals. These mineral deposits contained increased concentrations of P, S and Ca, compared with the surrounding matrix. The appearance of S at nucleation sites and its persistence in developing mineral deposits suggests that A S-containing moiety may serve as a locus within the osteoid matrix to attain high local concentrations of Ca and P, which leads to the controlled local formation of Ca phosphates. Calcification of the perichondrial ring occurred in the absence of matrix vesicles, which illustrates that these membrane-bounded organelles are not obligatory sites for nucleation in this matrix.Keywords
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