Nutritional requirements for protein synthesis during parasitic development of the entomophilic nematode Mermis nigrescens

Abstract

Adult desert locusts were experimentally infected with a dose of 50 M. nigrescens ova and larval nematodes removed 14, 17, 21 and 24 days afterwards for in vitro radiotracer studies. These nematodes were incubated under controlled conditions either in a nutrient medium or in insect saline, which contained the appropriate ¹⁴C or ³H-labelled radioisotope. The rate of incorporation of the radioisotope into the proteins of the nematode was measured.The rate of incorporation of ¹⁴C-leucine into proteins was greatest for the 17- day-old larvae and this accorded with the in vivo growth pattern of the nematode. This isotope was incorporated less rapidly into proteins by the 14-, 21 and 24-day- old larvae, which synthesized proteins at approximately the same rates as each other. A non-linear rate of incorporation was manifest for each of the larval stages.Total dry weight and protein determinations showed that the nematode synthesizes relatively large quantities of non-proteinaceous reserves during the third week of infection, whilst proteins are preferentially synthesized between the 21st and 24th days of infection.The 17-day-old nematode larvae were able to incorporate six ¹⁴C-amino acids into proteins to varying degrees. Leucine was incorporated most effectively into nematode proteins, whilst glutamic acid was the least incorporated of the six amino acids.These nematode larvae could not effectively metabolize the ³H-dipeptide histidyl-leucine and incorporate its component amino acid residues into proteins. Similarly, a preparation of ³H-haemolymph proteins were not significantly metabolised and incorporated into proteins by the nematode. However, the nematode metabolized and incorporated an exogenous source of ¹⁴C-glucose into proteins at relatively high levels.Incorporation of ¹⁴C-luecine into proteins was seven times more rapid for nematodes incubated in buffered insect saline than for those incubated in a more complete nutrient medium.The dietary requirements of the nematode for protein synthesis were discussed in relation to their associated effects upon the host metabolism and an active transport of dietary amino acids into the nematode was postulated.We wish to thank Dr H. L. Speer and Dr K. K. Nair for their helpful suggestions regarding radioisotope techniques. Thanks are also due to the National Research Council of Canada for providing financial assistance (Grant No. A4679).