Problem formulation in the environmental risk assessment for genetically modified plants
Open Access
- 15 September 2009
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Nature in Transgenic Research
- Vol. 19 (3), 425-436
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s11248-009-9321-9
Abstract
Problem formulation is the first step in environmental risk assessment (ERA) where policy goals, scope, assessment endpoints, and methodology are distilled to an explicitly stated problem and approach for analysis. The consistency and utility of ERAs for genetically modified (GM) plants can be improved through rigorous problem formulation (PF), producing an analysis plan that describes relevant exposure scenarios and the potential consequences of these scenarios. A properly executed PF assures the relevance of ERA outcomes for decision-making. Adopting a harmonized approach to problem formulation should bring about greater uniformity in the ERA process for GM plants among regulatory regimes globally. This paper is the product of an international expert group convened by the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Research Foundation.Keywords
This publication has 17 references indexed in Scilit:
- Planning Environmental Risk Assessment for Genetically Modified Crops: Problem Formulation for Stress-Tolerant CropsPlant Physiology, 2008
- Assessment of risk of insect-resistant transgenic crops to nontarget arthropodsNature Biotechnology, 2008
- Ecological versus ecotoxicological methods for assessing the environmental risks of transgenic cropsPlant Science, 2007
- How does scientific risk assessment of GM crops fit within the wider risk analysis?Trends in Plant Science, 2007
- Problem formulation and hypothesis testing for environmental risk assessments of genetically modified cropsEnvironmental Biosafety Research, 2006
- A tiered system for assessing the risk of genetically modified plants to non-target organismsEnvironmental Biosafety Research, 2006
- A Screening Level Approach for Nontarget Insect Risk Assessment: Transgenic Bt Corn Pollen and the Monarch Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Danaidae)Environmental Entomology, 2003
- Impact of Bt corn pollen on monarch butterfly populations: A risk assessmentProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2001
- Generic Assessment Endpoints Are Needed for Ecological Risk AssessmentRisk Analysis, 2000
- Gene Flow and Introgression from Domesticated Plants into their Wild RelativesAnnual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 1999