Verapamil Increases the Toxicity of Local Anesthetics

Abstract

The calcium channel blocker verapamil has, in addition to its other properties, been shown to be a local anesthetic. Its concurrent use in a patient undergoing regional anesthesia may, therefore, increase the potential risk for local anesthetic toxicity. To evaluate this possibility, the effect of verapamil on the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of lidocaine and bupivacaine in mice was determined. Immediate pretreatment with verapamil increased the mortality of mice given the LD₅₀ dose of lidocaine to 74%, and in mice given the LD₅₀ doses of bupivacaine, to 82%. In animals pretreated with verapamil and calcium chloride, the mortality associated with the administration of LD₅₀ doses of lidocaine and bupivacaine decreased to 43% and 48%, respectively, thus returning the mortality rate back to the LD₅₀ of the local anesthetics when administered alone, It seems that the combined administration of local anesthetic and verapamil results in a significant drug interaction: the resulting blockade of sodium and calcium channels apparently impairs membrane function to a greater degree than with either drug alone. Additional investigation is warranted, and caution should be exercised in giving verapamil to patients during regional anesthesia. Should an adverse drug interaction ensue, the administration of calcium may be beneficial.