Heating effects and Coulomb blockade in small tunnel junctions

Abstract
Dissipation of energy is enhanced in devices which exhibit Coulomb blockade effects. Increased electron-electron interactions imply that the energy that one electron loses when moving around a circuit, eV, is mostly dissipated in the region where Coulomb effects are important. We discuss the implications of these processes for superconducting devices, where the effective temperature at a given junction can be significantly higher than that in the rest of the system.