Correlates of knee pain in older adults: Tasmanian older adult cohort study

Abstract

Objective To describe the association between chondral defects, bone marrow lesions, knee and hip radiographic osteoarthritis (OA), and knee pain. Methods Knee pain was assessed by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index. T1‐ and T2‐weighted fat saturation magnetic resonance imaging was performed on the right knee to assess chondral defects and subchondral bone marrow lesions. Radiography was performed on the right knee and hip and scored for radiographic OA. Body mass index (BMI) and knee extension strength were measured. Results A total of 500 randomly selected men and women participated. The prevalence of knee pain was 48%. In multivariable analysis, prevalent knee pain was significantly associated with medial tibial chondral defects (odds ratio [OR] 2.32, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.02–5.28 for grade 3 versus grade 2 or less; OR 4.93, 95% CI 1.07–22.7 for grade 4 versus grade 2 or less), bone marrow lesions (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.04–2.00 per compartment), and hip joint space narrowing (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.07–1.73 per unit), as well as greater BMI and lower knee extension strength. It was not significantly associated with radiographic knee OA. These variables were also associated with more severe knee pain. In addition, there was a dose response association between knee pain and number of sites having grade 3 or 4 chondral defects (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.12–1.73 per site), with all subjects having knee pain if all compartments of the knee had these defects. Conclusion Knee pain in older adults is independently associated with both full and non–full‐thickness medial tibial chondral defects, bone marrow lesions, greater BMI, and lower knee extension strength, but is not associated with radiographic knee OA. The association between radiographic hip OA and knee pain indicates that referred pain from the hip needs to be considered in unexplained knee pain.