Multivalley spin splitting of1sstates for sulfur, selenium, and tellurium donors in silicon

Abstract

Spin-valley splitting of the $1s$ (($T_2$)) states of the ionized chalcogen donors ${\mathrm{S}}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{Se}}^{+}$, and ${\mathrm{Te}}^{+}$ in silicon is reported. The magnitude of the splitting is shown to be related to the impurity atomic spin-orbit splitting. The data are compared with the corresponding splittings of ${\mathrm{Sb}}^0$ and ${\mathrm{Bi}}^0$ donor impurities in silicon. Predictions of the magnitudes of the hitherto unobserved splittings of the neutral chalcogen donors and other group-V donors are made. In addition, the binding energies of the $1s$ (($T_2$)) states are compared with recent calculations by Altarelli. The available data on $1s$ states of group-V and -VI donor impurities in silicon are discussed.