Abstract
We show that group III elements such as La, Y, Sc, and Al can passivate adjacent oxygen vacancies in HfO 2 and ZrO 2 by shifting the vacancy gap state up into the conduction band. The shift arises from the outward relaxation of the cations around the vacancy due to its positive charge, becoming a closed shell configuration. La substitution at Hf sites in HfO 2 suppresses Fermi level pinning because its holes offer a deeper sink for electrons generated by the vacancy than transfer to the metal gate.