TRAINING AND GENERALIZATION OF REACH‐GRASP BEHAVIOR IN BLIND, RETARDED YOUNG CHILDREN
- 1 March 1984
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Wiley in Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
- Vol. 17 (1), 57-69
- https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1984.17-57
Abstract
The effects of a graduated prompting treatment procedure were analyzed in three phases of an experiment on the training and generalization of reaching-grasp responding in 2- to 4-year-old blind, severely or profoundly retarded children. In Phase 1, we used a multiple-baseline across-subjects design to investigate the effectiveness of the treatment on midline reach-grasp responding. In Phase 2, we used a reversal design to investigate the effects of repeated implementations and withdrawals of the treatment. In both phases, generalization to right and left positions was measured. In Phase 3, in a multiple-baseline across-responses design, the treatment was implemented in right and left positions. Also in Phase 3, shift of stimulus control from toy-sound to verbal instructions was measured. The results showed that (a) the graduated prompting procedure was effective in training reach-grasp responding in all three children; (b) for one child, the effects were durable over repeated applications of the treatment procedure, but were not maintained during withdrawals; (c) for another child, the treatment procedure was effective in teaching reach-grasp responding in all three positions; and (d) for the same child, training of reach-grasp responding generalized to toys presented without sound, given only the verbal instruction.Keywords
This publication has 8 references indexed in Scilit:
- VISUAL HANDICAPS OF MENTALLY-HANDICAPPED PEOPLE1979
- The Blind and Visually Handicapped Mentally Retarded: Suggestions for Intervention in InfancyJournal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 1978
- "Play mobile" for blind infants.1976
- ‘PlayMobile’ for Blind InfantsDevelopmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 1976
- Preference for vibratory and visual stimulation in mentally retarded children.1973
- Stimulus factors in skill training of retarded adolescents on a complex assembly task: acquisition, transfer, and retention.1972
- Vibration as a reinforcer with a profoundly retarded child1Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1969
- The influence of visual and ambulation restrictions on stereotyped behavior.1966