The structure of the inhibitory complex of alloxanthine (1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6-diol) with the molybdenum centre of xanthine oxidase from electron-paramagnetic-resonance spectroscopy

Abstract

Studies were carried out on the inhibitory complex of alloxanthine with xanthine oxidase, in extension of the work of Williams and Bray (1981). By suitable regulation of the reaction conditions, up to 10% of the functional enzyme could be converted into the complex in the Mo(V) oxidation state. The EPR spectrum of the complex was investigated in detail with the help of computer simulation and substitution with stable isotopes. Close structural analogy of the signal-giving species to that of the Very Rapid intermediate in enzyme turnover is shown by g-values (2.0279, 1.9593 and 1.9442) and by coupling to 33S in the cyanide-labile site of the enzyme [A(33S) 0.30, 3.10 and 0.70 mT]. However, whereas in the Very Rapid signal there is strong coupling to 17O, instead, in the alloxanthine signal there is strong coupling to a single nitrogen atom [A(14N) 0.35, 0.35, 0.32 mT]. This is presumed to originate from the 2-position of the heterocyclic ring system. From this work and from earlier kinetic studies it is concluded that alloxanthine, after being bound reversibly at the active center, reacts slowly with it, in a specific manner, distinct from that in the normal catalytic reaction with substrates. This reaction involves elimination of an O ligand of Mo and coordination, in this site, of alloxanthine via the N-2 nitrogen atom, to give a complex that is structurally but not chemically closely analogous to that of the Very Rapid species.