Biomechanical Comparison of the Bioabsorbable RetroScrew System, BioScrew XtraLok with Stress Equalization Tensioner, and 35-mm Delta Screws for Tibialis Anterior Graft-Tibial Tunnel Fixation in Porcine Tibiae
- 1 July 2005
- journal article
- research article
- Published by SAGE Publications in The American Journal of Sports Medicine
- Vol. 33 (7), 1057-1064
- https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546504272265
Abstract
Background: Achieving effective soft tissue graft-tibial tunnel fixation remains problematic. Hypothesis: No differences would exist for tibialis anterior graft-tibial tunnel fixation when comparing the RetroScrew System (20-mm retrograde screw, 17-mm antegrade screw), the 35-mm tapered Delta Screw (manual tensioning), and the 35-mm BioScrew XtraLok (applied using an instrumented tensioner). Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Porcine tibiae (apparent bone mineral density, 1.3 g/cm2) and human tendon allografts were divided into 3 matched groups of 6 specimens each before cyclic (500 cycles, 50-250 N, 1 Hz) and load-to-failure (20 mm/min) tests. Results: The BioScrew XtraLok (210.9 ± 54.9 N/mm) and the 35-mm Delta Screw (224.3 ± 43.7 N/mm) displayed superior stiffness to the RetroScrew System (114.1 ± 23.3 N/mm) (P =. 0004) during cyclic testing. The BioScrew XtraLok (1.0 ± 0.2 mm) and the Delta Screw (0.9 ± 0.2 mm) also displayed less displacement during cyclic testing than the RetroScrew System (1.8 ± 0.5 mm) (P =. 001). During load-to-failure testing, the BioScrew XtraLok withstood greater loads (1436.3 ± 331.3 N) (P =. 001) and displayed greater stiffness (323.6 ± 56.8 N/mm) (P =. 002) than the 35-mm Delta Screw (load, 1042.2 ± 214.4 N; stiffness, 257.2 ± 22.2 N/mm) and the RetroScrew System (load, 778.7 ± 177.5 N; stiffness, 204.4 ± 52.9 N/mm). Conclusion: The BioScrew XtraLok with instrumented tensioning displayed superior fixation to the RetroScrew System and the 35-mm Delta Screw applied with manual tensioning. Clinical Relevance: The BioScrew XtraLok may provide superior soft tissue graft-tibial tunnel fixation. Further in vitro studies using human tissue and in vivo clinical studies are needed.Keywords
This publication has 41 references indexed in Scilit:
- A Biomechanical Comparison of Initial Soft Tissue Tibial Fixation DevicesThe American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2004
- Porcine Tibia is a Poor Substitute for Human Cadaver Tibia for Evaluating Interference Screw FixationThe American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2004
- A biomechanical comparison of three lower extremity tendons for ligamentous reconstruction about the kneeArthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery, 2003
- Effects of Initial Graft Tension on Clinical Outcome After Anterior Cruciate Ligament ReconstructionThe American Journal of Sports Medicine, 1997
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Multistranded Autogenous Semitendinosus TendonThe American Journal of Sports Medicine, 1996
- Effects of knee flexion angle at graft fixation on the outcome of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructionArthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery, 1996
- Tensile properties of the human femur-anterior cruciate ligament-tibia complexThe American Journal of Sports Medicine, 1991
- Determination of graft tension before fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructionArthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery, 1988
- Intra-articular Cruciate ReconstructionClinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 1983
- The mechanics of the knee joint in relation to normal walkingJournal of Biomechanics, 1970