All-trans retinol, vitamin D and other hydrophobic compounds bind in the axial pore of the five-stranded coiled-coil domain of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein

Abstract

The potential storage and delivery function of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) for cell signaling molecules was explored by binding hydrophobic compounds to the recombinant five‐stranded coiled‐coil domain of COMP. Complex formation with benzene, cyclohexane, vitamin D₃ and elaidic acid was demonstrated through increases in denaturation temperatures of 2–10°C. For all‐trans retinol and all‐trans retinoic acid, an equilibrium dissociation constant K_D = 0.6 μM was evaluated by fluorescence titration. Binding of benzene and all‐trans retinol into the hydrophobic axial pore of the COMP coiled‐coil domain was proven by the X‐ray crystal structures of the corresponding complexes at 0.25 and 0.27 nm resolution, respectively. Benzene binds with its plane perpendicular to the pore axis. The binding site is between the two internal rings formed by Leu37 and Thr40 pointing into the pore of the COMP coiled‐coil domain. The retinol β‐ionone ring is positioned in a hydrophobic environment near Thr40, and the 1.1 nm long isoprene tail follows a completely hydrophobic region of the pore. Its terminal hydroxyl group complexes with a ring of the five side chains of Gln54. A mutant in which Gln54 is replaced by Ile binds all‐trans retinol with affinity similar to the wild‐type, demonstrating that hydrophobic interactions are predominant.