Effect of ventilation and perfusion imbalance on inert gas rebreathing variables

Abstract
The effects of ventilation-to-perfusion (.ovrhdot.VA/.ovrhdot.Qc) maldistribution within the lungs on measured multiple gas rebreathing variables were studied in 14 dogs. The rebreathing method (using He, C180 and C2H2) allows for measurements of pulmonary capillary blood flow (.ovrhdot.Qc), diffusing capacity (DLCO), lung gas volume and the combined pulmonary tissue and capillary blood volume (VTPC). .ovrhdot.VA/.ovrhdot.Qc imbalance was created by reversibly occluding the right main pulmonary artery or by reversibly obstructing the left main bronchus in 8 dogs. Six additional dogs were ventilated with 10 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to create a bimodal distribution of .ovrhdot.VA/.ovrhdot.Qc within the lungs. No significant alterations in computed rebreathing variables, except for a small (14%) decrease in DLCO, occurred during right main pulmonary artery occlusion, whereas obstruction of the left main bronchus caused parallel decreases (mean of 46%) in all rebreathing variables. Ventilation with 10 cmH2O PEEP for 3 h caused no alterations in VTPC when compared with postmortem determinations of total lung water. Thus marked alterations in distribution of .ovrhdot.Qc or creation of .ovrhdot.VA/.ovrhdot.Qc maldistributions with PEEP caused no significant changes in rebreathing parameters, whereas obstruction of the left main bronchus resulted in decreases in all rebreathing values consistent with the presumed size of the ventilation defect. It appears that rebreathing estimates of VTPC and other rebreathing parameters are accurate in states of moderate .ovrhdot.VA/.ovrhdot.Qc maldistribution within the lung.