Studies of Bladder Stone Disease in Thailand

Abstract

Urinary constituents were studied in 24-hr urine samples obtained from children, 2–10 years old, living in a village (hyperendemic area) and in Ubol City (hypoendemic area). The study included the determination of urinary calcium, phosphate, magnesium, sodium, potassium, oxalic acid, uric acid, and creatinine. Twenty-four hour excretion of calcium and the concentration of magnesium were consistently higher, while 24-hr excretion of phosphates and sodium was consistently lower, in urines from village children than city children. Volumes of the village urine samples in the hot and dry season were lower than those of the city, and were the lowest in that season compared to the rainy and cool seasons. Consistently high oxalate and uric acid crystalluria was observed in urines obtained in villages compared with those in the city.