Topology of Higgs fields

Abstract

It is shown that the conserved magnetic charge discovered by ’t Hooft in non−Abelian gauge theories with spontaneous symmetry breaking is not associated with the invariance of the action under a symmetry group. Rather, it is a topological characteristic of an isotriplet of Higgs fields in a three−dimensional space: the Brouwer degree of the mapping between a large sphere in configuration space and the unit sphere in field space provided by the normalized Higgs field ?^a = φ^a (φ^bφ^b)^−1/2. The use of topological methods in determining magnetic charge configurations is outlined. A peculiar interplay between Dirac strings and zeros of the Higgs field under gauge transformations is pointed out. The monopole−antimonopole system is studied.