Tolosa-Hunt syndrome: one cause of painful ophthalmoplegia

Abstract

Twelve cases of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, a benign steroid-resistant cryptogenic granuloma that presents as painful ophthalmoplegia, were reported. This syndrome was differentiated from other causes of painful ophthalmoplegia including tumors, aneurysms, collagen disease, specific infections, mucoceles and benign granulomas of unknown etiology. These other conditions should be excluded by appropriate tests. Surgical exploration was not necessary if there was a prompt remission on steroid therapy.