The Interaction of Serum and Arterial Lipoproteins with Elastin of the Arterial Intima and Its Role in the Lipid Accumulation in Atherosclerotic Plaques

Abstract

Arterial elastin appears to be a proteinlipid complex with the lipid component being bound to elastin peptide groups. In atherosclerotic lesions the lipid content of elastin increases progressively with increasing severity of atherosclerosis. The increases in the lipid content of plaque elastin are mainly due to large increases in cholesterol with about 80% of the cholesterol being cholesterol ester. This deposition of cholesterol in elastin accounts for a substantial part of the total cholesterol accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions of all stages. The present in vitro study suggests that the mechanism involved in the deposition of lipids in arterial elastin may be an interaction of the elastin protein with serum or arterial low density or very low density lipoproteins (LDL and VLDL) resulting in a transfer of lipids, but not of lipoprotein protein to the elastin. No significant lipid transfer occurred from the high density lipoproteins or chylomicrons. The amount of lipid taken up by plaque elastin was strikingly higher than by normal elastin and consisted mainly of cholesterol with over 80% of the cholesterol being cholesterol ester. The precondition for the lipid accumulation in plaque elastin appeared to be an altered amino acid composition of the elastin protein consisting of an increase in polar amino acids and a reduction in cross-linking amino acids. Subsequent treatment of lipoprotein-incubated arterial elastin with hot alkali and apolipoproteins did not reverse the binding of lipoprotein lipid to diseased elastin.