Quantum transport in semiconductors
- 1 September 1980
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Taylor & Francis in Contemporary Physics
- Vol. 21 (5), 501-521
- https://doi.org/10.1080/00107518008210973
Abstract
A review is made of the quantum effects which are observed in the transport coefficients of semiconductors. Quantization of the free carriers in semiconductors is produced whenever an external potential acts on an otherwise uniform and perfect crystal. Typical examples are a magnetic field, an electric field or the physical boundaries of the sample. A magnetic field quantizes the electron and hole states into a ladder of equally spaced Landau levels. This gives rise to the Shubnikov–de Haas, magnetophonon and magneto-impurity effects, where the positions of the Landau levels resonate with the Fermi, phonon, or impurity energies present in the sample. A series of oscillations in the magneto-resistance of many different types of materials results. Electric fields applied to the surface of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) devices result in a set of quantum levels for motion perpendicular to the surface. At low temperatures the charge carriers are bound to the surface and behave as if they were two-dimensional. This is shown to give rise to very dramatic oscillatory metal–insulator behaviour in high magnetic fields. Quantization is also shown to occur in very thin layers of semiconductors which act like a simple square well potential, the energy levels of which can be studied as a function of layer thickness. The carriers are confined within the layers, and also show two-dimensional behaviour.Keywords
This publication has 35 references indexed in Scilit:
- A review of the magneto-impurity effect in semiconductorsJournal of Physics C: Solid State Physics, 1979
- Magnetophonon and Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in-type PbTe epitaxial filmsPhysical Review B, 1978
- Shubnikov—de Haas Oscillations in a Semiconductor SuperlatticePhysical Review Letters, 1977
- Influence of a One-Dimensional Superlattice on a Two-Dimensional Electron GasPhysical Review Letters, 1977
- Density-functional calculation of sub-band structure in accumulation and inversion layersPhysical Review B, 1976
- Fourier analysis of magnetophonon and two-dimensional Shubnikov-de Haas magnetoresistance structureJournal of Physics C: Solid State Physics, 1975
- Theory of Oscillatory g Factor in an MOS Inversion Layer under Strong Magnetic FieldsJournal of the Physics Society Japan, 1974
- Quantum States of Confined Carriers in Very Thin -GaAs- HeterostructuresPhysical Review Letters, 1974
- Low-Temperature Non-Ohmic Galvanomagnetic Effects in Degenerate-Type InAsPhysical Review B, 1972
- Anisotropy of the Fermi Surface of-Type PbTePhysical Review B, 1970