Lattice constant changes and electro-optic effects in proton-exchanged LiNbO3 optical waveguides

Abstract
Lattice constants and electro‐optic constants have been measured on proton‐exchanged LiNbO3 single crystals by means of the x‐ray rocking curve method and the phase modulation technique to examine the relationship between the refractive index and the strain, and the degradation of the electro‐optic effect.