Identification of excited states in theN=Znucleus68Sewith cluster detectors

Abstract

Raman cooling of non-zero-spin atoms in the presence of gravitational and external magnetic fields is investigated. The magnetic field is adjusted so as to compensate for the gravitational force acting on ground-state atoms. The dark state (DS) is created and supported in momentum space with additional velocity-selective two-photon transitions. The minimum allowed temperature is found to be determined only by the width of velocity selection and therefore can be much less than the gravitational limit. A complete set of analytical formulas describing cooling of a dilute atomic sample is derived. They serve as the basis for numerical simulations which are carried out in the one-dimensional (1D) case.Comment: Final version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A. There are the following changes in the revised manuscript: 1. Explicit range for magnetic field is given, and compensation of gravity in 3D is explaned. 2. Values of all parameters used in the numerical simulation are given. Latex (revtex), 16 pages, 5 figure