Integrated waveguide/photodiodes using vertical impedance matching

Abstract
A novel ‘‘vertical impedance matching’’ approach is demonstrated to improve absorption in evanescently coupled, integrated waveguide/photodiodes by 500% over conventional structures. Our devices exhibit both high absorption at short length (90% at 190 μm) and efficient fiber butt coupling (42%) at 1.3–1.55 μm wavelengths. Unusual transient phenomena are observed in such impedance-matched devices and discussed theoretically.