Direct Observation of the Threshold for Electron Heating in Silicon Dioxide

Abstract
Vacuum-emission and carrier-separation techniques, together with novel metal-oxide-semiconductor structures, have been used to observe the threshold field for the onset of electron heating in silicon dioxide. The magnitude of this electric field is ≅ 1.5-2.0 MV/cm, independent of oxide thickness and composition. This value is consistent with all of the current theoretical calculations. A minimum average electronic energy of ≅ 1.0 eV is shown to be necessary to observe emission of the electrons into vacuum.